
In May 2015, within a short period of one month, policies, training sessions, and service platforms to promote PPP projects emerged in an endless stream. At almost the same time, the State Council cancelled the "Energy Management Contract" subsidy. For a time, PPP suddenly became hot. Or solve the government debt crisis, or activate private capital, through the PPP model to guide social capital to participate in the financing of public services, was placed to break through the political and economic interests of the breach, is also considered to be a historical opportunity for the enterprise once in a century.
Several documents recently issued also hinted that the future PPP model will be strongly promoted by the government, and the PPP model will be one of the mainstream financing channels for urbanization in the future. As of February 29, 2016, a total of 7,110 PPP projects across the country were integrated into the PPP integrated information platform, and a large investment sum of about 8.3 trillion yuan was waiting for the intervention of private capital.
However, in the field of lighting, PPP will bring us what? Can you solve some practical problems encountered in lighting engineering? Xiao Bian interviewed relevant personnel from the government, enterprises, and financing agencies and tried to explore the feasibility of the PPP model in the lighting industry and how to better run the PPP model in the future smart city construction.
What is the difference between PPP and EMC?
In stark contrast to the predominant status of the PPP model, the EMC project that was once vigorously promoted by the government is now somewhat in vain. What is the difference between PPP and EMC? Does this difference bring about different effects? The reporter read relevant information and learned that EMC (Energy Management Contract) is called contract energy management in China. Energy-saving service companies and energy-consuming companies have signed energy-saving service contracts. Within a certain cooperation period, both parties must follow The proportions share a business model of energy conservation benefits generated by energy-saving projects. Energy-saving service companies recover investment by sharing energy-saving benefits.
BOT (Build-Operation-Transfer) is the government's concession agreement that authorizes project sponsors to set up a special project company responsible for the financing, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the project, and to collect appropriate users within the specified concession period. The cost of this project will be used to recover the investment of the project and obtain a reasonable return. After the expiration of the concession, the project company will transfer the project to the government.
PPP (Public-Private-Partnership), BOT projects, public-private partnerships, government shares, the project's own revenue is not sufficient to repay the principal and interest, not enough to enable shareholders to obtain a reasonable return, the need for government or public organizations to participate in, in order to reduce private investment This will enable private parties to obtain reasonable returns during the franchise period.
BOT business model In energy-saving projects, the investor is responsible for the design and development of energy-saving projects, investment and construction, construction and commissioning, operation and management, and transfer of property rights. At the same time, the current electricity purchase price of energy-consuming enterprises is used as the benchmark electricity price, and savings are achieved by selling to energy-consuming enterprises. Energy, and in the appropriate payback period, recover the investment and return through the revenue generated by the project itself.
The Schottky Diode is another type of semiconductor diode which can be used in a variety of wave shaping, switching and rectification applications the same as any other junction diode. The main adavantage is that the forward voltage drop of a Schottky Diode is substantially less than the 0.7 volts of the conventional silicon pn-junction diode.
Schottky diodes have many useful applications from rectification, signal conditioning and switching, through to TTL and CMOS logic gates due mainly to their low power and fast switching speeds.
the Schottky Diode also known as a Schottky Barrier Diode is a solid-state semiconductor diode in which a metal electrode and an n-type semiconductor form the diodes ms-junction giving it two major advantages over traditional pn-junction diodes, a faster switching speed, and a low forward bias voltage.
The metal–to-semiconductor or ms-junction provides a much lower knee voltage of typically 0.3 to 0.4 volts compared against a value of 0.6 to 0.9 volts seen in a standard silicon base pn-junction diode for the same value of forward current.
Variations in the metal and semiconductor materials used for their construction means that silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes are able to turn [ON" with with a forward voltage drop as little as 0.2 volts with the Schottky diode replacing the less used germanium diode in many applications requiring a low knee voltage.
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