The electric vehicle charging pile is used as an energy replenishing device for an electric vehicle, and its charging performance is related to the service life and charging time of the battery pack. This is also one of the most concerned aspects of consumers before buying an electric car.
The charging pile is similar in function to the tanker inside the gas station. It can be fixed on the ground or wall, installed in public buildings (public buildings, shopping malls, public parking lots, etc.) and residential parking lots or charging stations. It can be based on different voltage levels. Charge all types of electric vehicles. The input end of the charging post is directly connected to the AC grid, and the output end is equipped with a charging plug for charging the electric vehicle. The charging pile generally provides two charging modes of conventional charging and fast charging. One can use a specific charging card to swipe the card on the human-computer interaction interface provided by the charging pile, and perform corresponding charging mode, charging time, cost data printing and the like. The charging pile display can display data such as charge amount, cost, and charging time.
The charging pile (plug) can realize the timing, the metering degree, and the metering charge, and can be used as a public power terminal. At the same time, in order to improve the efficiency and practicability of public charging piles (plugs), one (plug) multi-charge and the function of charging electric bicycles will be added one after another.
The charging pile is similar in function to the tanker inside the gas station. It can be fixed on the ground or wall, installed in public buildings (public buildings, shopping malls, public parking lots, etc.) and residential parking lots or charging stations. It can be based on different voltage levels. Charge all types of electric vehicles. The input end of the charging post is directly connected to the AC grid, and the output end is equipped with a charging plug for charging the electric vehicle. The charging pile generally provides two charging modes of conventional charging and fast charging. One can use a specific charging card to swipe the card on the human-computer interaction interface provided by the charging pile, and perform corresponding charging mode, charging time, cost data printing and the like. The charging pile display can display data such as charge amount, cost, and charging time. For more analysis of the charging pile industry, please refer to the “Charging Status and Investment Strategy Analysis Report of the Charging Pile Industry†published in the China Report Hall.
Charging pile classificationAccording to the installation method
Can be divided into floor-standing charging piles, wall-mounted charging piles. Floor-standing charging posts are suitable for installation in parking spaces that are not close to the wall. The wall-mounted charging pile is suitable for installation in a parking space close to the wall.
By installation location
According to the installation location, it can be divided into public charging piles and special charging piles. The public charging pile is a charging pile built in a public parking lot (library) combined with parking berths to provide public charging services for social vehicles. The special charging pile is a charging pile used by the construction unit (enterprise) own parking lot (library) for the internal personnel of the unit (enterprise). The self-use charging pile is built in a personal own parking space (library) to provide charging stations for private users. The charging pile is generally constructed in conjunction with the parking space of the parking lot (library). The charging post installed outdoors should not be less than IP54. The charging pile installed indoors should not be less than IP32.
According to the number of charging interfaces
Can be divided into a pile of one charge and a pile of more charge.
According to the charging method
The charging pile (plug) can be divided into a DC charging pile (plug), an AC charging pile (plug) and an AC-DC integrated charging pile (plug).
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly issued a notice on the issuance of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for the Automobile Industry. The Plan clearly stated that it strives to enter the ranks of the world's automobile powers after 10 years of continuous efforts, and the new energy vehicle as the "emphasis of development" "Become a breakthrough in China's auto industry to seize the opportunities and catch up with development, and emphasize the need to accelerate the construction of charging infrastructure and build a convenient, efficient and moderately advanced charging network system." With the intensive introduction of national policies, the development momentum of China's new energy automobile industry has become more rapid, and the construction of charging infrastructure has also entered an outbreak period. On the one hand, charging operators are rapidly expanding the market and completing the pre-production layout; at the same time, competition between enterprises has intensified, and the industry echelon has become more differentiated.
State Grid Echelon - With the market's first-mover advantage, market and resources in advance, there are strong market control capabilities, such as Nanrui, Xu Ji, Luneng Intelligent.
The first echelon of charging equipment: This kind of enterprise has strong own, the integrated development strength of charging module and charging system is strong, and it has a large market share in China. The scale of the enterprise is large, the comprehensive strength is dominant or the charging pile is built. Comprehensive ability to operate and maintain, such as: Teruide, Kelu, Autoxun, etc.
The second echelon of charging equipment: This type of enterprise has certain system development and integration capabilities, has certain technical competitiveness, and has certain advantages in product design and production, such as: Shenghong, Titan, Zhongheng Electric, etc.
The third echelon of charging equipment: This type of enterprise does not have its own technical capabilities, no charging module manufacturing capability, intelligent management capability, and there are certain hidden dangers in the future operation, maintenance and service of such enterprises.
Enterprise strength analysisAt present, in the electric vehicle charging industry, the enterprises with high market share are: Nanrui, Xu Ji, Luneng Intelligent, State Grid Pratt, Huashang Sanyou, Te Rui De, Ke Lu, Sheng Hong, Auto Xun, Titan, Jingfuyuan, Nuclear, Kehua Hengsheng, Zhongheng, etc.
These companies have their own advantages in terms of strategic positioning, development capabilities, and product layout.
1. Company profile
The core component of the electric vehicle charging pile, the charging module, is mainly composed of two parts: AC-DC and DC-DC. The device needs to solve two technical problems of power factor correction and high efficiency DC-DC technology. The key technologies of the above technical problems are mainly in the main power supply manufacturers. For enterprises other than the core power supply manufacturers, the technical capabilities are relatively lacking. Among the above-mentioned enterprises engaged in the development of charging pile equipment in the country, companies with strong power development capabilities include Nanrui, Xu Ji, Te Rui De, Sheng Hong, Ke Lu, Titan and so on.
2, development capabilitiesKey technology platforms involved in electric vehicle charging include:
Charging module development - with professional power electronics technology capabilities, develop charging modules. As the core of electric energy conversion, the charging module's technical parameters and quality are directly related to the basic performance of the charging pile;
Charging system development - with embedded hardware and software development, structural development, electrical, thermal design and industrial design and integrated design capabilities to develop charging equipment. The “quality†of the system affects the long-term operation “quality†of the equipment. In the system development process, the following factors need to be considered comprehensively:
1) Factors affecting environmental adaptability such as high and low temperature, salt spray;
2) Factors affecting intelligence such as grid intelligence, user intelligence, and vehicle charging intelligence;
3) Factors affecting security such as grid security, equipment security, personal safety, and data security;
4) Factors that affect reliability due to low failure, long life, and high protection.
Operation platform development - with big data, cloud platform development capabilities, e-commerce and operation and maintenance service management. The operation platform collects and analyzes user behavior, user needs, charging equipment, vehicles and charging operations and other status information, and reverses the optimization of module and system optimization, improves equipment utilization, reduces operating costs, and ultimately enhances user experience and realizes new energy automobile industry. Good and fast development.
The current development capabilities are described in the following table:
At present, the charging pile market business model includes: equipment sales, EPC, charging operations, etc., each company develops its own distinctive business model according to its own development strategy.
In view of the fact that the core modules of the charging pile technology, IGBT and MOS, mainly rely on foreign investment, the technical threshold of the entire manufacturing end is not high, the market competition is fierce, and the profit margin is squeezed. Under the low-tech barrier competition, some equipment manufacturers are optimistic about the prospects of the charging facility's operating terminal in addition to equipment R&D, manufacturing and sales, and begin to extend to the operational chain, actively deploying to the charging facility's operating terminal, such as Terry, Aote Xun, Titan, etc., have already entered the charging terminal.
The equipment business entered the military operation, which directly gave birth to the expansion of the service connotation of the electric vehicle charging industry. The current electric vehicle charging industry is already a more biased service industry. For example, according to data released by the National Energy Administration in December 2016, the number of public charging piles operated by Terad has reached 50,159.
4, product characteristics
Based on the development of the industry and the changes in the market, the user's functional requirements for product environmental adaptability, charging safety, load scheduling, and intelligent charging are constantly improving. Charging pile enterprises have their own characteristics in terms of product characteristics.
Xu Jiji's electric charging side-loading and power-changing power station technology system of “filling, replacing, storing and releasing†can realize the whole life cycle management of power battery procurement, warehousing, charging, power exchange, use, distribution, overhaul and scrap.
Kelu products have high efficiency, low input harmonics, perfect fault detection and complete protection functions.
Shenghong products are characterized by high efficiency, small size, light weight and high protection. They are equipped with human-computer interaction functions, billing measurement, background communication, control protection and other functions.
Titan products have high power output, modular design, flexible combination, simple and convenient operation management, automatic power distribution and intelligent power scheduling.
Tray products have the characteristics of no pile charging, no electric plug, module structure, group tube group control, active protection, flexible charging, and have obvious advantages in constant power and high current fast charging. In terms of environmental adaptability, it successfully completed the on-site low-temperature charging test certification of the Experimental Center of the State Grid Electric Power Research Institute in an extremely cold environment, becoming the first charging equipment enterprise to pass the certification.
In terms of load dispatching, the equipment enterprise products represented by Tray, Aotexun and Titan have the ability to allocate the number of charging modules in the charging system in real time through scheduling instructions, realize optimal configuration of charging module resources, and make rational use. Features.
Through the above analysis, it can be found that the State Grid enterprises represented by Nanrui, Xu Ji, etc., as well as enterprises such as Tread, Titan, etc., maintain the overall system development advantage. The competition of charging equipment in the next three to five years is a contest of comprehensive strength. When the charging infrastructure is built in the initial stage, it is necessary to evaluate the comprehensive indicators from the comprehensive strength of equipment development, equipment production, equipment operation and medium and long-term perspective. Promote the sound development of electric vehicle charging network construction.
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