MIT battery material samples for fast charging
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have invented a surface treatment technology for charging materials that can be recharged in seconds using new technology lithium-ion batteries.
It takes 6 minutes or more for a lithium battery to complete charging. However, the traditional lithium iron phosphate material can increase the charging speed of the battery by 36 times (only 10 seconds) after surface treatment to form nano-scale grooves.
The lithium battery using this technology also has a high discharge speed, so it can be used for the acceleration of the hybrid electric vehicle, so that the speed of the hybrid electric vehicle can catch up with the automobile with the gasoline engine.
MIT has patented the technology and licensed it to two companies. MIT researchers said that because the new technology is based on existing lithium-ion batteries and does not require new materials, commercial products will be available in two years.
According to doctoral student ByoungwooKang, directed by Professor GerbrandCeder, "through the treatment of the surface of lithium iron phosphate material, lithium ions can be rapidly moved into the channel and quickly transferred to the terminal."
A few years ago, Ceder used a computer to simulate the materials used in lithium-ion batteries and found that lithium ions should travel faster than previously thought. After the in-depth simulation study, it was found that the number of channels for transferring lithium ions to the bulk material due to the surface of the lithium iron phosphate material was limited, which led to the restriction of the transport speed of lithium ions during charging.
Through years of experience, Kang and Ceder found that the surface treatment of lithium iron phosphate materials to create a number of grooves with a spacing of only 5 nanometers can increase the transport speed of lithium ions by 36 times.
"By using this technology, battery charging will no longer be limited by the speed of lithium ion transfer. This means that lithium batteries can not only be charged more quickly, but also discharge more quickly."
Researchers say lithium batteries for mobile phones and other small devices that use this technology will be recharged in seconds. For the emerging electric vehicle industry, this means that the speed of electric vehicles will be upgraded to match that of gas vehicles.
It takes two years to apply this charging technology to existing lithium battery substrates and launch products, during which time home chargers for electric vehicles can be redesigned to handle the rapid transfer of energy. For electric vehicles, the charging speed of the vehicle battery at home is not only limited by the battery itself but also by the power situation of the owner's home.
Tests to date have shown that lithium iron phosphate materials are as durable as bulk materials after nanoscale surface treatment, and can be recharged and discharged without affecting the charging effect due to aging.
MIT research funding comes from the National Science Foundation, the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, and the Advanced Transportation Battery Program hosted by the US Department of Energy.
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