According to the World Food and Agriculture Organization statistics, aquatic products provide nearly 20% of animal protein to more than 2.9 billion people and 15% of protein sources to 4.3 billion people. In the past 50 years, the global supply of edible fish has grown steadily, with an average annual increase of 3.2%, exceeding the world's population growth of 1.6%. Due to offshore pollution and depletion of offshore fishing grounds, global aquaculture catches have fallen below aquaculture production in 2013.
China accounts for 70% of aquaculture worldwide. In 2014, the total output value of fishery economy in China was 2,085.895 billion yuan, and the total output of aquatic products reached 64,461,200 tons, an increase of 4.69% over the previous year, of which aquaculture production was 47,484,100 tons, accounting for 73.49% of the total output. The growth rate is 4.55%; China is the only major fishing country in the world with more aquaculture production than capture production. It can be seen that aquaculture is not only in China, but also plays an important role in the world. At present, the development of aquaculture is due to water pollution, the groundwater level is declining, and there is an increasing demand for high-tech intensive industrialized recirculating aquaculture models, including the creation of a scientific artificial light environment. In 2013, the total output of land-based factory aquaculture was about 385,500 tons, accounting for 0.85% of China's total aquaculture production. The development potential of industrial aquaculture is huge.
According to the 2014 National Fisheries Statistical Yearbook: In 2013, the scale of national land-based factory aquaculture reached 49.74 million m? It is 38.2% more than the 3,598m3 in 2012. In 2013, the seawater factory farming area was 21,719,477 m3, and the freshwater industrialized farming area was 28,020,151 m3. If the water depth of the culture pond is about 1 m on average, it is necessary to create a scientific lighting environment of about 50 million m2.
Studies on the effects of light-affected fish physiology in developed countries such as Norway and Japan have been increasing since the 1990s and are gradually being applied. China's research is just in its infancy, and there are few studies on the effects of light on fish growth and reproduction. The use of light sources in aquaculture workshops is simple and extensive, and most farming plants use fluorescent lamps. This kind of light source can not be dimmed, and can not meet the requirements of individual fish in the light environment of different growth periods. Second, improper disposal of fluorescent lamps can seriously pollute water sources and cause secondary damage.
Light is a guiding factor in the metabolic system of fish. Light passes through the fish visual organs and the central nervous system of the brain, affecting the activities of the endocrine pituitary, which in turn affects fish behavior and metabolic growth systems. As energy enters the water ecosystem, light not only brings the necessary water and plant energy to the fish, but also directly or indirectly affects the feeding, reproduction and endocrine of the fish independently. Fish physiologists have studied that light significantly inhibits the synthesis and secretion of melatonin in the pineal gland of fish. It has a certain regulatory effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of fish, and the melatonin of fish is involved in the regulation of reproduction, development and growth. The basic principle of arranging the light environment in the breeding workshop is that the light intensity required for the bony fish and shellfish is quite different. The light intensity of the deep-water fish should be weaker, except for the turbid water in the estuary; the seawater is quite different from the freshwater fish. They prefer light color; all light and all darkness are not good for fish growth and development; broodstock hatching, juvenile fish, adult fish have different requirements for light environment; light environment is only an influencing condition, but also with temperature , water quality, bait and other cooperation.
The factory-circulating aquaculture luminaire system mainly considers the three elements of illumination and the geometry of the pool body; realizes the welfare of the cultured fish; the luminaire system is resistant to moisture (humidity > 85%), corrosion-resistant and high-temperature; long-term stable and uninterrupted Operation; intelligent control system for lamps, such as emergency response to eliminate commercial fish; young fish and adult fish have different light intensity; photoperiod can regulate gonadal development.
The industrial aquaculture model is the fundamental direction of fishery development. From the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" to the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for nearly 20 years, it has developed a considerable fish farming industry and has been intensively established in Tianjin, Shandong and Dalian. Modern industrial farming plant. The Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences cooperated with the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to carry out aquatic light experiments such as Atlantic salmon and wrinkled abalone in Shandong Oriental Ocean Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Using energy, biology and other methods to explore the growth, survival and physiological response mechanism of LED light source on the abalone, the effect of different LED light color on the growth, metabolism and energy budget of the abalone, and the use of red or orange The light source is more suitable for the vegetative growth of the abalone. In the light color, light intensity, photoperiod three-factor three-level Atlantic gonad development experiment, the photoperiod is the dominant factor affecting the development of the gonads in the Atlantic. These experimental results have published more than a dozen articles in domestic and foreign magazines, and have achieved a number of domestic leading results.
The national agriculture “13th Five-Year Plan†is in urgent need of transformation and upgrading of fisheries, improving quality and efficiency, reducing income and increasing income. The aquaculture industry must develop in the direction of industrialization. LED scientific lighting is an integral part of the transformation and transformation of aquatic products into industrialization. Using LED light source, in the factory aquaculture workshop, using artificial light to create a suitable light environment, improve the fish's circadian rhythm, feeding behavior, growth and reproduction, reproductive performance of the technical system to achieve aquaculture industry "quality, high yield, ecology, safety "Production goals. The illumination of industrial aquaculture is currently in an extensive state, and the potential of LED application is large. It is necessary to organize interdisciplinary collaborative research at the government level, give full play to the enthusiasm of industry, university and research, and promote the application of LED in the industrialization of land-based aquaculture.
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