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Abstract: With its comprehensive technical features and unique shooting angle, UAV aerial photography has played a good role in assisting interview equipment in TV news practice. In the face of the problems in the practice of TV broadcasting in the practice of drones, the relevant departments have stepped up the development of regulations that meet the characteristics of the TV news industry, the news media has established a correct view of the news, and the drones have continuously improved their professional capabilities and professionalism. Urgent.
Keywords: drone; aerial photography; TV news
CLC number: G206 Document code: A Article ID: 1672-8122(2018)05-0038-02
The maturity of civil aerial drone technology has made it possible to use aerial photography of drones in the field of news communication. As a new kind of news interview equipment, aerial drones have shown certain competitiveness in TV news practice. Due to factors such as industry management, technical defects and drone flying hands, drone aerial photography is in the practice of TV news. The role played is limited.
First, the development history of drones and the status quo in the use of television news
A drone is an aircraft managed by a control station (including remote control or autonomous flight), also known as a long-range aircraft [1].
(1) Development history of drones
In November 1917, the first UAV in the United States successfully tested the flight test at the Boracay test site in New York [2]. This is also the world's first recognized drone, and the world's drone research has kicked off. In December 1966, China’s earliest drone “Changkong No.1†(CK-1) made its first successful flight. As a technology with high technology level, the development of drones was related to the research of the military. The exclusive rights of the country's military and national security, coupled with the strict control of airspace in various countries, the slow development of civilian drone technology. In the 21st century, driven by the interests of the market economy, the civil drone industry has developed rapidly. The aerial drone represented by China's Dajiang has become the leader of civil drone companies.
(2) Aerial photography of drones emerged in news reports
At present, most of the civilian aerial drones on the market have realized the integration of photographing and camera functions. The aerial photography industry in the news communication industry is the process of the UAV flying hand manipulating the image-capable drone to complete the image acquisition in the air. This process can be either a dynamic video or a static picture.
On August 12, 2015, after the Tianjin Port bombings, Xinhuanet and Beijing News and other reporters carried drones to conduct on-site interviews. The aerial video broadcast by Xinhuanet reporters from the disaster area reproduces the scene of the accident. The audience was greatly shocked. In fact, in June of that year, Xinhuanet had set up the first domestic drone news channel. In the same year, foreign media also began the practice of drone news production. In 2015, it was considered by the industry to be the first year of drone news.
(3) Unmanned aerial photography news trend is unstoppable
The practice of using drone aerial photography photos and news videos in the Tianjin Port bombing event demonstrates the convenience of drones in news reports, and also allows TV news organizations to see the feasibility of applying this new technology to production practices. And urgency. In this technical practice, CCTV took the lead and provincial and municipal TV stations followed. Taking Ningxia as an example, as of August 2017, two provincial TV stations and five city-level television stations (News Media Group) in Ningxia purchased 34 UAVs, and each TV station had 4.9 drones. TV news units in prefecture-level cities and counties such as Bronze City, Lingwu City, and Helan County also purchased drones and used them extensively in news practice [3]. With the continuous deepening of drone news practice, the use of drones to interview and record materials on the news site has become a normal state and the trend is unstoppable.
Second, the drone aerial photography boosts the news report concept and practice changes
At present, the aerial drones sold in the market, whether consumer or professional, have a high level of integration, intelligence and specialization. In particular, the remote control device for controlling the flight of the drone has few physical buttons, simple and convenient control, high reliability, and the video recording format conforms to the general television news broadcast standard, which provides a possibility for application in the practice of television news.
(1) Saving shooting costs and improving news timeliness
In the past, aerial photography in TV news was mainly taken by helicopters equipped with cameras. In most cases, the news units complete the aerial photography mission by renting civilian helicopters. The rental and security costs are expensive. The directors, camera and logistics personnel also need to cooperate in many ways, and the manpower consumption is large. In addition, topic planning and route application also require higher time costs. In case of breaking news, it is easy to lose the best shooting opportunity, and timeliness cannot be guaranteed. A professional-grade aerial drone with an average price of about 10,000 yuan is more cost-effective for news organizations with aerial photography needs. The flying hand has certain ability and corresponding qualifications. One person, one car and one drone can quickly reach the news site and complete the aerial mission. Compared with the helicopter aerial photography, the aerial photography of the drone can save a lot of money, Manpower can also greatly improve the timing of news.
(2) High flexibility and strong adaptability, can replace reporters in-depth news scene
The drone is small in size, light in weight, easy to carry, and has strong athletic ability. Through precise operation, it can break the space limit and meet the daily shooting needs.
Most professional-grade aerial drones have the ability to work in harsh environments, especially in investigative reports, sudden and disastrous reports. In accordance with the principle of flying within the line of sight, under normal circumstances, the drone can fly at a relative height of 120 meters and a flying radius of up to 500 meters, which can replace the reporter to enter the dangerous news scene. After the Tianjin Port explosion, the reporter took control of the drone into the core area of ​​the explosion and captured a large number of news videos and pictures of the explosion site, which not only ensured their own safety, but also completed the shooting task with high quality and achieved a "win-win" situation.
(3) Enhancing the authenticity of the news and providing space for news creation
The traditional TV news shooting techniques are mostly based on the push-pull of the ground. There are more perspectives in the head-up and bottom-view, and there are fewer angles of view. The picture has a typical "flatness", which is easy to cause viewers' aesthetic fatigue. At the same time, the lack of a bird's-eye view is likely to cause the "three-dimensionality" of the news screen to be weak and the authenticity of the news to be reduced. In the practice of the news, the flying hand can use the drone to sail from the "God's perspective" to make up for the regret of the lack of overlooking perspective in the traditional news screen, which can restore a more realistic news scene for the audience, bringing different normal visual impact.
In addition, when using the drone for interviews, the flying hand can realize the technical effect of the traditional camera "push and pull and shake" by skillfully controlling the forward, backward, ascending and descending of the drone, and can also realize the fixed point flying (brushing pot) ), follow the shooting, slanting flight, straight flight and other difficult movements that can not be achieved by the camera, to obtain a large number of beautiful and visual impact lens, the post-production can be fully combined with the plane lens shot by the camera.
(4) Adapting to the trend of media integration and improving communication efficiency
The convergence of traditional news media and emerging media has become more and more obvious. Streamlining personnel, building media matrices, cultivating all-round journalism talents, and improving the efficiency of news dissemination have become the direction of media integration. In the five city-level news media in Ningxia, three traditional news media in Yinchuan, Zhongwei and Shizuishan have merged. The media matrix covering TV, radio, newspapers, websites and new media has gradually formed, and the matrix effect has begun to appear.
On September 28, 2016, the Yellow River Bridge in Yongning County, Yinchuan City, Ningxia was completed and opened to traffic. The pictures and videos taken by the Yinchuan News Media Group drones were passed through Yinchuan TV Station, Yinchuan Daily, Yinchuan Evening News, Yinchuan News Network, Weibo, The WeChat public account and other channels have been released, forming a strong matrix effect, and the transmission efficiency has been significantly improved compared with the previous single media release.
(V) Promoting the training of drone news talents
As a new type of interview equipment, drones enter the news practice, which not only has a direct impact on the news business, but also has a significant role in promoting the research of news practice. Some news organizations and news colleges have cultivated the talents of drones. Expand the action.
As early as March 2016, Xinhuanet’s first drone news aerial training course was held in Wuhan. The deepening of drone news practice has not only triggered scholars and industry insiders to think about the future of drone news. Many journalism colleges have set up drone aerial interest groups to actively explore drone news talents in teaching practice. Cultivate problems.
Third, correctly understand the problems of aerial photography of drones
With the continuous development of drone technology, the practice of drone aerial photography is deeper. On the one hand, drones have been fully utilized as an interview tool in television shooting. On the other hand, the problems of aerial photography of drones have also been fully exposed.
One of the problems: the social "black fly" behavior disturbs the drone aerial photography order
The operation of the drone involves various aspects of law, electromagnetics, meteorology, etc. Only mastering simple switch-on and flight displacement is far from ensuring flight safety and regulation. In fact, because of the lack of training institutions, the high cost of training, the long training period, and many other reasons, most of the flying hands did not follow the prescribed requirements to learn training, but only under the simple operation of the merchants, the flight practice was carried out, and the flight awareness was poor. Flight skills are not in place. Once these drone flying hands violate the relevant regulations of the drone flight management, "black fly", it will pose a serious threat to the lives and property of the country and the people.
Take the common four-rotor aerial drones in the market as an example. The thickness of the fins is generally less than 3mm. The motor speed can reach 7000 rpm and the flight speed can reach 16.3m/s (58.7km/h). ). If the flying hand is not properly operated or mistaken at the news site, the threat to the personal safety of the site personnel is unimaginable.
Question 2: There is a “one size fits all†approach to the relevant management system.
TV is a public service business. Unlike ordinary personal aerial flight activities and commercial aerial flight activities, TV news has the basic social service nature. The industry has mature news production, talent management and professional ethics, using drone aerial photography. Professionalism and normativeness have certain constraints and guarantees. This is clearly distinguished from the spontaneous, chasing interests, personal and commercial aerial flight behavior.
In order to adapt to the status quo of the development of the UAV industry and standardize its development direction, in recent years, the Civil Aviation Administration of China has issued a targeted "Management Measures for Commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Operational Flight Activities (Provisional)" A series of regulations and systems regulating the development of the UAV industry, such as the Operation Regulations, the management and constraints of UAVs are becoming more and more tight, and the operational flight activities are generally defined. The particularity of the news industry is not taken into account, and the system is obviously "One size fits all".
Whether the competent news department can actively cooperate with the actual situation of the industry and communicate with the civil aviation units, and develop a set of management methods that meet the requirements of the UAV management regulations and TV news, is also an urgent problem to be solved.
The third problem: the role of drone aerial photography in TV news reports is not perfect
With the deepening of practice, the shortcomings of UAV aerial photography technology in the practice of journalism have become more and more obvious. More and more people in the industry have gradually formed a consensus that the role of drone aerial photography in TV news reporting is not perfect.
1. Single interview form
At present, the aerial drone has not solved the problem of simultaneous sound recording. In the practice of the news, the drone is often used to record the "static film" and "silent film" pictures without sound, and the form is relatively simple. In order to enhance the audio-visual experience, the phenomenon of adding sound effects in post-production is more common. It is a new challenge to balance the authenticity of the picture and the authenticity of the sound.
2. Unpredictability of task completion
Except for the no-fly area specified by the military management area, government agencies, airports and other unmanned aerial vehicles regulations, the UAV is in strong magnetic field, strong electric field and no GPS signal area, extremely cold, extremely hot and thunderstorms. The flight status will be seriously affected. Whether the use of drones can be interviewed depends on the physical environment and weather conditions of the news place, and the unpredictability of whether the interview task can proceed smoothly is increased.
3. Continuity cannot be guaranteed
The endurance of the drone is one of the defects that have been criticized. Up to now, no civilian aerial drone can continue to work in the air for more than 30 minutes in a single time. It is difficult for a long-lasting news event to maintain its continuity. In large-scale live reports, it is even more difficult to meet the shooting needs.
The fourth problem: the level of drone flying hands is uneven, affecting the image of the industry
The emerging time of drone aerial photography is relatively short, and there is no professional and unified training system in the news industry. The training units of the various news units on the drones are not the same, and the level of flying hands is uneven. Even some news units drones are "self-taught", the level of professional skills is not enough, and the phenomenon of "black flying" will appear in the practice of news. The drones of the news units are mostly professional journalists. When going out to work, the public expects higher. Once there is a mistake, it is easy to cause public concern, affect the image of the industry, and induce the other flying hands of the society.
In the face of the situational problem of not being able to shoot and shoot, the gap in the occupational training of the drone flying hand is obvious. What's more, I actually sneaked a girl's private life at night and broadcasted it on the Internet. The quality is low and the impact is bad. Although it is not a journalist, it should also alert the news industry drone flying hands.
Fourth, the development countermeasures of drone aerial photography used in TV news reports
As a brand-new interview tool, drone aerial photography brings direct and profound influence to TV news reports. The trend of drone aerial photography widely used in TV news reports is clear, and actively solves the current stage of drone aerial photography in TV news reports. The problems encountered in the application are becoming more and more urgent.
(1) Cooperating with the strength of the news industry to step up the development of specifications that conform to industry characteristics
In China, television is a mass media. The TV journalism has the dual attributes of “enterprise nature and business management†and has strong service. On the one hand, the TV news industry should actively use the emerging drone aerial photography technology to serve TV news reports. On the other hand, the TV news industry also has the responsibility and obligation to regulate the use of drone aerial photography in TV news reports. At this stage, although the degree of practice of drones in various news organizations is different, the problems faced are similar. The industry lacks a set of common normative standards, and combines the strength of the news industry to step up the development of a set of drone use standards for the news industry. More and more urgent.
(2) The news unit needs to establish a correct view of the news and properly use the aerial photography of the drone
Aerial drones are the product of technological advancement. In TV news reports, more are the role of interview tools. Due to the technical difficulty in seeking further breakthroughs in the short term, the nature of aerial drones can only serve as auxiliary interview equipment in TV news reports is difficult to change at a time. News organizations can only establish correct news views and properly use drone aerial photography. Promote the depth of journalism practice.
UAV aerial photography can not only serve TV news content, supplement news screens, increase the amount of information on the screen, but also serve the form, innovate the shooting angle, and enhance the vividness of visual communication. What needs to be guarded is that the current UAV hardware is not perfect. It can neither contain the simultaneous sound nor capture the details. It is essentially an auxiliary interview tool. To over-emphasize and exaggerate the changes that drones bring to TV news reports, it is easy to fall into the misunderstanding of technicalism, causing abuse of drones in practice and hindering the return to the essence of TV news.
(3) UAV flying hands must constantly improve their ability and literacy
UAV flying hand is the first ring and key ring of UAV news production. Improving the professional level and professional cultivation of UAV flying hands is crucial to the use of drones in TV news practice.
1. UAV flying hands should continue to improve their professional level
UAVs are different from general camera equipment. Users must not only understand the rules, but also have excellent operational skills and solid professional knowledge to cope with the complicated and varied news scene. UAV flying hands must carry out professional system learning and training, master the drone control technology, and develop a strong psychological quality to ensure that they are certified to work, so that they can flexibly respond to and deal with various emergencies at the news site, avoiding flight. ACCIDENT.
In the practice of aerial photography, the drone flying hand should also do the inspection preparation work of hardware and software, check the news site in advance, plan the drone route, reasonably compose the picture, try to use different heights at different heights, different movement speeds and different movement directions. Capture images to capture images, ensure the amount of information, fluency and impact of the news screen.
2. UAV flying hands should strengthen their professional cultivation
The drone is light and can easily break the ground and space restrictions. It shows great talent in the big scene news shooting, but it is also easy to invade other people's privacy and reveal military secrets. UAV flying hands are mostly professional journalists. We must consciously enhance professionalism, cherish and protect our own interview rights, and strictly follow industry regulations and news ethics. In the face of the situation of not being able to shoot and shoot, the drone flying hand should always be alert, avoid touching the bottom line of professional ethics and the legal "red line", resolutely do not fly where the flight should not fly, no The content of the shot is not taken.
V. Conclusion
Aerial drones have essentially served as a supplementary interviewing device in the practice of TV news. The impact of this new interviewing device on the production and dissemination of TV news is direct and profound. At this stage, the development of drone news is facing Certain challenges, but the pace of using drones in TV news practice should not stop there. The competent news unit should act and act to develop a set of drone management methods that are consistent with the actual situation of the journalism industry. News organizations should establish a correct view of journalism, avoid falling into the misunderstanding of technicalism, and actively explore the way out for drones in TV news practice, starting from the form and content. UAV flying hands should take the initiative to improve their professional skills and professional accomplishment, boldly practice, and strive to shoot news works that conform to the law of communication.
references:
[1] Civil Aviation Administration of China: Regulations for the Administration of Civil Drone Drivers, Article 3.
[2] Liu Zhiqiang. Analysis of the application of drones in news reports. News Forum, 2017 (03): 16.
[3] The data comes from the field research of Ningxia University's national university students' innovation practice project "UAV aerial photography in the use of TV news - taking Ningxia as an example".
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