Fire emergency lighting generally has three functional systems: fire emergency lighting system consisting of fire emergency lighting, set for firefighting and rescue personnel, generally set in power generation and distribution room, fire pump room, fire control center, communication center, etc. In important places, the emergency working time should not be lower than 90min and meet the requirements of normal working illumination; the fire evacuation function system consisting of fire emergency evacuation lights is provided for the necessary illumination when evacuated, and is generally set in public walkways and Vertical stairwell, emergency working time is not less than 90min, illumination is not less than 0.5Lx; emergency evacuation identification function consisting of low-level fire emergency evacuation lighting and evacuation instructions and other signs (such as photoluminescent signs) The system provides clear guidance directions and ways for evacuation. It is usually installed in public walkways and vertical stairs in large public places such as shopping malls and cinemas. It is usually located on the ground or below the ground 1m, and its emergency working time is not lower than 90min, the main interface of the marker light
In the daily fire supervision and inspection, the fire emergency lighting system should pay attention to the following issues:
1 The emergency luminaire does not use a dedicated power supply circuit, but is lapped on the normal lighting circuit for non-fire protection.
(1) "Electrical Design Code for Civil Buildings" 11.8.9 stipulates: "When evacuation lighting uses emergency lighting with battery, the normal power supply can be connected to the dedicated circuit of the distribution board of this layer (or this area), or Dedicated to the disaster prevention dedicated switchboard from this floor (or this area). That is, when emergency lighting with battery is used for evacuation lighting, the power supply of the normal power supply should be connected to the disaster prevention dedicated switchboard of this layer (or the area). If the conditions are not available, the requirements can be lowered and the layer (or the area) ) on the main switchboard, but there should be a dedicated circuit, that is, its power supply circuit is shared with non-fire power. If the emergency lighting is connected to the normal lighting power supply of this floor (or this area) because of the battery, the emergency lighting can not be reliably powered when the non-fire power supply is cut off in case of fire. No effect. For example, nearly 30 ç› self-powered fire-fighting emergency luminaries from Guangyuan Collection Supermarket Dongba Store are all connected to the normal lighting line. After the non-fire-fighting power supply is cut off in the non-operating state, the emergency luminaire battery starts to work, and it stops after the work stops. To normal charging, in the event of a fire, the emergency luminaire cannot perform its function; in addition, if the battery of the emergency luminaire is charged and discharged every day, it will cause a large loss to the battery and accelerate the scrapping of the emergency lamp battery;
(2) Fire emergency lighting for normal workplaces, such as power distribution room, fire pump room, fire elevator room, fire control room, smoke exhaust machine room, self-supplied generator room, telephone main engine room, etc. Floor (or area) fire emergency switchboard; the normal lighting and emergency lighting of these places can also be taken from the two independent one-on-one dual-supply (or two-circuit) power supply automatic cutting of the fire power; Or automatic switching without dual power supply, normal lighting and emergency lighting are respectively connected to the circuit of one use and one standby. The standby lighting should be able to ensure normal lighting, and the emergency lighting generally uses the battery as the backup power source as the transitional lighting during power conversion;
(3) In order to avoid confusion in the design stage of fire emergency lighting, it is recommended to separate the fire emergency lighting from the normal lighting, which is convenient for reading drawings, construction and fire protection design review, and easy to correct errors and omissions to ensure project quality.
2 One-sided exaggeration of the role of photo-induced illuminating signage, regardless of the location of the choice of such products
The photoluminescent signboard is a light-storing sign made of rare earth material. At the current technical level, after being exposed to sunlight or fluorescent light sources for more than 10 hours, the maximum brightness of the surface can reach 3 to 5 cd/m2, but the brightness can only be attenuated to a milli-candela level for several minutes and lasts for several hours. Under the condition that the surrounding environment is very dark (generally no more than 1Lx), the graphic logo can also be displayed, but it has not been able to "actively" attract the attention of the eyes. Such signs must be equipped with a corresponding illumination source to ensure that they receive light from the source before a fire occurs in order to accumulate more light energy.
According to the test report provided by the National Fire Laboratory, photoluminescent signs are not attractive because of their low surface brightness. In places with illuminance greater than 1Lx, only in close proximity can be faint. Identify. The advancement of the personnel will serve as an indicator, but the sign must be set as often as possible, otherwise the breakpoint will be abandoned once the breakpoint occurs.
When the normal lighting is interrupted after a fire, it is necessary to ensure that the evacuation lighting is started synchronously, and that the illumination in the general place is not less than 0.5Lx, and should not be lower than 1Lx in the crowded places and vertical stairwells to ensure the safety of personnel. escape. While providing evacuation illuminance, and must be clearly marked to guide the personnel to quickly exit, whether it is smoke or smokeless, these signs must quickly cause visual attention, therefore, the emergency sign lights must be taken by the fire emergency sign lights, It is not possible to use only photoluminescent signs. In addition, the photoluminescent type signboard only has a positive effect on the escape of the escaper when it is in the late stage of the fire (referring to the evacuation of the illuminated sign light after 90 minutes), and can only be used as an auxiliary use sign of the fire emergency sign light.
3 Emergency luminaire settings do not meet the requirements
(1) Civil emergency lighting fixtures replace fire emergency lighting fixtures. Fire emergency lighting is not provided in places where civil emergency lighting is used in large quantities; civil emergency lighting fixtures do not have normal use functions under fire conditions, and their protection level is lower than IP20 (protection) The cover material is a non-combustible material or a hard-to-burn material having an oxygen index of 32 or more);
(2) The evacuation indicator light on the passage is located near the ceiling, and the direction indicated by the indication sign at the corner is inconsistent with the direction of the exit;
(3) In the fire control room, fire pump room and other places where the work still needs to be done, the emergency lighting does not meet the illuminance requirements for normal work.
4 The emergency lighting fixture with its own power supply works continuously for 20 minutes, and the illumination is slowly weakened to zero. It is frequently charged and discharged. If it is not properly maintained or maintained, or the power supply line is faulty, it is easy to damage.