In the first two months, veteran cat slave Mr. A PO in the circle of friends an artifact-automatic feeder, can store three or four days of water at a time, can also use the app to check the cat owner's eating status at any time, and cooperate with the camera. " Go to the cloud". Even cats can be like this, not to mention the other devices in the house? Refrigerators, air conditioners, sweeping robots... Mr. A said that thanks to the Internet of Things, he finally lived a life with a God’s perspective.
In addition to personal life, there are also factory managers who have opened up the perspective of God. With the advent of the concept of Industry 4.0, from large-scale machinery to unmanned production lines, all the processes you can think of-from real-time collection, storage, and analysis of data and information , To propose solutions, and then to transmit instructions to the electrical appliances and machinery, all will be able to achieve one-click Internet access and cloud control.
The era of the Internet of Things is coming unstoppable, and the construction of data centers is also ushered in a blowout. It is predicted that by 2025, the total amount of global data will reach 180 trillion GB. The curtain is about to open, but we can’t help but worry: Is electricity enough?
Will power demand be the Achilles' heel of China's data center?
Image source: Schneider Electric Technology Center
China’s economic take-off has brought about a strong demand for electricity. For many years, China’s electricity demand has a long-term gap, especially in the summer. In 2016, the cumulative electricity consumption of the whole country has reached 5919.8 billion kilowatt-hours, but the social electricity shortage is still as high as 8.7 billion kilowatt-hours. According to forecasts, national electricity consumption will continue to increase by about 4.5% in 2018.
As a "large power consumer", the rapid development of data centers has attracted the attention of power experts. In recent years, the speed of data center construction has been like a rocket. As of the end of 2016, the number of data centers in China was approximately 56,000, with a total area of ​​approximately 16.5 million square meters. In the "Thirteenth Five-Year National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan" issued by the State Council, the implementation of the national big data strategy and the development of artificial intelligence are among them. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and other industries, the construction speed of data centers will continue to remain high. It is expected that by 2020, the number of data centers in China will exceed 80,000, and the total area will exceed 30 million square meters.
At the same time, its high energy consumption and high cost have also become a headache. According to Lu Tianwen, secretary-general of the China Data Center Energy Conservation Technical Committee, the total power consumption of China’s data centers in 2016 has exceeded 120 billion kWh, which exceeds the total power generation of the Three Gorges Dam in 2016 (about 100 billion kWh). ). According to industry statistics, in 2015, China's data centers accounted for 10% of the world's total power consumption, and its total power consumption has accounted for 1.5% of the entire society's power consumption, which is a staggering proportion in the tertiary industry.
Corresponding to it is the crude use of energy in my country's data centers. In actual operation, data centers with a PUE of 2 or even more than 2 still exist. Due to the high overall energy consumption, power demand and cost control have become a "tight spell" on enterprises. And beyond the limits of enterprise cost control and demand response, the future data center will face a more macro and stricter national energy regulation and energy efficiency control. Various developed regions and authorities have raised data center building and energy consumption standards. For example, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology clearly stipulates that only cloud computing data centers with a PUE value of 1.5 or less can be approved for construction.
In order to lower the PUE, the major Internet giants have racked their brains. Previously, CenturyLink put the data center on a hydropower station. Later, Microsoft proposed to set up the data center underwater, not to mention the natural extreme cold places such as the Arctic and Antarctica, which has long been targeted. In China, due to cost and policy constraints, more and more data centers have begun to "migrate westward". Apple iCloud, Tencent, and Alibaba Cloud have built data centers in Guizhou.
Who is the energy-efficient and low-cost student leader?
Do data centers all over the world consume so much power? In 2015, data centers in the United States accounted for 41% of the global proportion. In 2014, the electricity consumption of data centers in the United States only accounted for 1.8% of the electricity consumption of the whole society, and the growth rate was slow.
The US Department of Energy supported the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to conduct energy consumption surveys of data centers across the United States. In 2016, it released a report stating that such excellent performance of data centers in the United States benefited from substantial energy efficiency improvements. As early as 2010, when data centers across the United States were still growing rapidly by orders of magnitude, energy consumption had entered a low-speed growth. From 10 to 14 years, energy consumption only increased by 4%. Lawrence Berkeley Lab also predicts that by 2020, the number of data centers in the United States will increase by 40%, while the growth rate of power consumption will be controlled at about 8%.
It turns out that energy-efficient and low-cost schoolmasters still exist! They do more than us and eat less than us. How do they do it?
Ten years ago, the US data center was not such a high school student. From 2000 to 2005, the growth rate of data center power consumption was 90%. Despite the 2008 financial crisis, data centers across the United States struggled to increase their power consumption by 24% from 2005 to 10 years. However, after a substantial energy efficiency improvement, by 2020, it will save nearly 620 billion kilowatt-hours of power consumption in data centers across the United States, which is equivalent to saving $60 billion in power costs.
What is the secret of success?
Looking back on the path of energy efficiency improvement in data centers across the United States, there are several crucial technological breakthroughs that are the key.
The first is the technological innovation initiated by industry solution providers in 2005. One of the eye-catching features is the "heat transfer" concept first proposed by the Schneider Electric Technology Center (SETC) in terms of cooling systems. Refrigeration power consumption has always been a major energy consumer in data centers, and 50%-70% of the cost of data centers is paid for "air conditioning fees." In the concept of "heat transfer" proposed by SETC, the core of the cooling system is not cooling and cooling, but how the heat generated by data center operations can be efficiently captured, exchanged, and transferred. Under this concept, the mixing of cold and hot air is reduced by concentrating heat and closed channels. The R&D of row-level air conditioners has realized cooling close to the heat source. Technologies and standard operations such as natural cooling with low energy consumption have been developed and applied, and the dynamic management technology of the refrigeration system has also been developed. Has been widely used.
The second key technology is the dynamic management of power supply. In fact, in most data centers, not every server is operating at full load at the same time; in the face of sudden power consumption increases or equipment failures, not every UPS needs to be put into emergency at full load. , And the traditional power supply cannot be distributed for such uneven load. In order to solve the problem of unbalanced supply, it is necessary to manage and distribute the load of all servers through software applications. At the same time, the entire power supply and distribution system is also fully digitalized and intelligently improved. The upgrade of the digital center power supply and distribution system has also completed the interconnection revolution based on the Internet of Things in the past ten years. From the initial dynamic management system consisting of components, sensors, meters and control panels, it has been transformed into From the built-in circuit breaker, adding sensors and meters to the intelligent dynamic management of the digital circuit breaker, the safety of operation and maintenance management to energy efficiency optimization has been significantly improved.
The application effect of these two key technologies is amazing. According to the calculation of Schneider Electric Technology Center, the refrigeration system is designed according to local conditions in accordance with the concept of efficient "heat transfer", and the cooling and power system supply is dynamically managed through software, which can reduce the backup power and cooling capacity of the data center by 50-60% demand.
The third important technological breakthrough is today's most popular "cloud" technology to improve server operating efficiency. By building a large cloud data center and sharing servers, server operation efficiency can be greatly improved, redundancy can be reduced, and unnecessary energy consumption can be reduced, and more rapid and accurate decision-making can be achieved through "cloud services". For example, the EcoStruxure architecture and platform launched by Schneider Electric, relying on cloud-based applications and services, can achieve cloud digital services by optimizing data and information analysis, and remote data driving, helping enterprise managers build a decision-making analysis system in the era of big data .
In addition to these three innovative key technologies, there are also some technological breakthroughs that have also contributed to the optimization of the overall program, such as the large-scale application of lithium batteries. Schneider Electric Technology Center found that lithium batteries have more than doubled the life span of lead-acid batteries, and the charging speed is four times that of lead-acid batteries, and can reduce weight by 70%. The application of lithium batteries in the data center can not only support more direct and rapid dynamic power management in the computer room, but also support the power supply fluctuations of the external grid, support the construction of smart grid infrastructure in large areas, and use peak and valley electricity prices to reduce electricity costs for enterprises.
In the energy field, energy efficiency improvement is often referred to as secondary energy, which means that saving is equivalent to creating. To get rid of the "electricity" restriction on the development of data centers, the core is still improving energy efficiency and reducing the PUE value. And this test is not a single technology, but the ability to issue comprehensive solutions. The Internet of Everything is in sight. In the future, whether we can "cloud cats" happily in air-conditioned rooms depends on such a complete set of complex operating systems.
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