A commonly used passive low-pass filter circuit

1 A commonly used passive low-pass filter circuit

The low-pass filter circuit composed of RC in the above figure is very commonly used and often appears in DC signal processing. Familiar with the RC calculus circuit, this is not the RC integration circuit. In fact, the integration circuit has the function of low-pass filtering.

The filter circuit is used in the voltage acquisition circuit below.

2 Zener diode voltage regulator circuit

Seemingly simple, it is actually a resistor and a Zener diode, but it is not easy for beginners. It is not enough to choose a diode that meets the requirements for voltage regulation and then add a resistor. How much is the size of the resistor R? This is to be matched according to the normal operating current range of the regulator tube and the size of the voltage load.

It is best to understand the UI curve of the Zener diode and the entire voltage regulation process.

3 voltage comparator circuit

As shown above, the principle of the voltage comparator is this, when V1>V2, the output is low level (GND), when V1

4 operational amplifier circuit

The picture above shows the principle of the in-phase op amp circuit. The output formula is: VO=VI×(1+R2/R1)

The figure above shows the principle of the reverse input op amp, and the output formula is: VO= -VI×(R2/R1).

We must learn to use the principle of "virtual break" and "virtual short" of the positive and negative input terminals of the op amp to calculate.

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