As the transponder of RFID (radio frequency reading) system, smart label is the most advanced non-contact sensing technology. It has a series of outstanding advantages, such as large data memory capacity, high data density, good anti-pollution ability and durability, almost no impact on water, oil and chemical pollution, long reading distance, fast speed, good data security performance. and many more. Facts have proved that with the development of RFID and materials technology, smart labels will replace the current popular barcodes and become the new favorite of retail, packaging and logistics.
RFID is a non-contact automatic identification technology that automatically identifies target objects and acquires relevant data through the shot page signal. The RFID system generally consists of three modules, namely a smart tag, a reader, and an RF antenna, as shown in Figure 1. The system works as follows. When the tag is illuminated by the RF antenna island port to the radio frequency signal generated and transmitted by the system reader, the internal circuit generates an induced current, and the chip is activated; the chip transmits the information contained in the tag through the tag's internal antenna (coil). The RFID antenna of the RFID system receives the carrier signal transmitted by the tag and transmits it to the reader through the antenna adjuster; the reader then demodulates and decodes the received signal to obtain the data information contained in the tag.
From the working principle of the RFID system, the reader of the system can read multiple smart tags at the same time, and the identification of the tags is completely non-contact automatic identification, without any manual intervention, only need to put a variety of objects with smart tags Move through the RF area, as shown in Figure 2. Therefore, the use of smart label technology saves the manpower necessary for bar code technology, and also improves the sales efficiency of the supermarket, which is convenient for consumers and saves consumers' time.
The relatively high cost of the label is the bottleneck of the smart label promotion process. According to market research, the current unit price for each label ranges from about 20 cents to 1 dollar; it is generally believed that for a single item, the acceptable label price is 5 cents. Therefore, the promotion of smart labels should focus on two aspects: further improve the performance of the label and reduce the cost of label production.
The smart tag consists of a (silicon) chip, a built-in antenna (coil) and a substrate, as shown in Figure 3. At present, the performance and price of the chip and the substrate are basically stable, so the advantages of various manufacturing methods can only be realized in optimizing the manufacturing process of the built-in antenna of the tag and reducing the manufacturing cost of the antenna. Judging the functionality and cost-effectiveness of the built-in antenna of a tag made by one method, at least three standards should be met: 1 antenna should have high electrical performance (impedance); 2 allow easy mounting of the chip on the antenna 3 can carry out high-volume, low-cost production.
At present, there are three main methods for making smart tag antennas.
· Etching method. Also known as subtractive production technology. Firstly, a flat copper foil is laminated on a plastic film; then the photoresist is coated on the copper foil, dried and then illuminated by a positive film (pattern with a desired shape); placed in a chemical developer At this time, the illuminated portion of the photoresist is washed away to expose copper; finally, it is placed in the etching bath, and all the copper not covered by the photoresist is etched away, thereby obtaining a copper coil of a desired shape.
· Coil winding method. The label coil is wound and fixed on a winding tool. At this time, the number of turns of the antenna coil is required (typically 50 to 150 åŒ). This method is typically used for labels with a small frequency range (eg less than l 35 kHz) and for market applications where the cost of the label is not a primary concern.
· Conductive ink (ConducTIve Ink) printing method. Also known as additive production technology. Since the tag antenna has a relatively rough shape, it can be realized by printing (adding) a conductive ink on the substrate, and currently a screen printing method is mainly used to fabricate a UHF (Ultra High Frequency) tag antenna.
Advantages of screen printing tag antennasThe material used in the screen printing built-in antenna is conductive ink. Conductive ink is a kind of conductive composite material formed by dispersing metal conductive particles (silver, copper, carbon) in a binder. After printing on a substrate, it acts as a wire, an antenna and a resistor. The ink is printed on a flexible or rigid substrate (paper, PVC, PE, etc.) to form a printed circuit, and an antenna printed with conductive ink can receive RFID-dedicated wireless RF signals. The smart label built-in antenna has many advantages over the other methods (such as copper etching). It can be said to be a green, stable and low-cost solution. It is a high-volume label for high-volume production. The ideal process method, its advantages are reflected in the following aspects
1. low cost
A significant advantage of using a screen printed conductive ink to make a tag internal antenna is the low cost and ease of operation. The low cost characteristics of this method are reflected in two aspects.
(1) Screen printing process. First, the investment in the introduction of screen printing equipment is much cheaper than the introduction of copper etching equipment; in addition, because the screen printing process does not require additional investment due to environmental requirements, the maintenance cost of production and equipment is lower than that of copper etching. In fact, maintaining a copper etch line and processing waste (such as residues in a chemical etch cell) requires a very expensive fixed cost, which in turn increases the cost per part of the label.
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